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Letter 0640

John Chamberlayne to Hans Sloane – September 23, 1700


Item info

Date: September 23, 1700
Author: John Chamberlayne
Recipient: Hans Sloane

Library: British Library, London
Manuscript: Sloane MS 4038
Folio: ff. 72-73



Original Page



Transcription

Chamberlayne asks Sloane to refrain from mentioning Upton’s worming of teeth until it can be ascertained that Upton used no sleight of hand. Though he has worked on many gentlemen, Chamberlayne included, Chamberlayne believes they may have been had and does not wish to harm his credibility by having this account disseminated with his name attached. John Chamberlayne was a translator and editor specializing in modern languages which he studied at the University of Leiden. He translated works on many topics, was a fellow of the Royal Society, and published three works in the Philsophical Transactions (Reavley Gair, Chamberlayne, John (1668/91723), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2009 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5060, accessed 30 May 2011]).




Patient Details

Letter 0632

Abraham de la Pryme to Hans Sloane – August 21, 1700


Item info

Date: August 21, 1700
Author: Abraham de la Pryme
Recipient: Hans Sloane

Library: British Library, London
Manuscript: Sloane MS 4038
Folio: ff. 55-56



Original Page



Transcription

[fol. 55] Honourd Sir I Received Your Letter, & am Glad that you were pleased to think mine Worth Printing, as I have alway’s had ye greatest Respect for your Society that can be, so I shall always account it my Chief happiness to promote its most Worthy & noble Ends & Designs; & to communicate what I know in to your self whose friendship I much value. I will send you the next month, a whole account of the petrifyd shell fish found in ye Quarry of Broughton in Lincolnshire & in ye Country whereabout’s, wich specimens of ye Chief f them, tho’ I cannot promiss that they will be worthy of your acceptance or charge because that I confess I am not very much vers’d in ye Choiseness of such things, tho’ I am a great admirer thereof. Any thing that you please to send will safely come to my hands if you please to direct it for me & send it to Mr Churchil Booksellers in Pater Noster Row & there order it to be put into ye first Bundel f Books that he sends to Mr Rycles Bookseller in Hull. I am Your most Humble servant A de la Pryme

De la Pryme was an antiquary, who established extensive correspondence with other antiquaries such as Nathaniel Johnston, Thomas Gale, Ralph Thoresby, and Sloane. In 1702, on Sloanes proposal, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society (C. E. A. Cheesman, Pryme, Abraham (16711704), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/22852, accessed 25 June 2013]).




Patient Details

Mary Somerset

Engraving by Joseph Nutting after Robert Walker, ca. 1690-1722. Credit: National Portrait Gallery, Wikimedia Commons.

Engraving by Joseph Nutting after Robert Walker, ca. 1690-1722. Credit: National Portrait Gallery, Wikimedia Commons.

Mary Somerset (nee Capell), Duchess of Beaufort, was the daughter of Arthur Capel (first Baron Capel of Hadham,  1604–1649) and Elizabeth Morrison. She first married Henry Seymour, Lord Beauchamp (c.1626–1654), by whom she had two children. Her second marriage was to Henry Somerset (1629-1700) in 1657. They had many children: five sons and four daughters, of whom six children survived to adulthood. Somerset was created the Duke of Beaufort in 1682. Mary was a skilled botanist who developed renowned gardens at both Badminton (where the family had its seat) and Chelsea. She also collected insects. She maintained a correspondence with Sloane, John Ray and James Petiver, and at her death, left her herbarium to Sloane.

 

Reference

P. E. Kell, ‘Somerset , Mary, duchess of Beaufort (bap. 1630, d. 1715)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/40544 (accessed 7 Feb 2017)]

Molly McClain, ‘Somerset, Henry, first Duke of Beaufort (1699-1700)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/26009 (accessed 14 May 2010)].

 



Dates: to

Occupation:

Relationship to Sloane: Virtual International Authority File:

Repentance on the Scaffold

Tyburn Tree. Credit: Wikimedia Commons

Tyburn Tree. Credit: Wikimedia Commons

Filled with curiosities, rare books, and commodities from Port Royal to Peking, Hans Sloane’s Bloomsbury Square residence was the perfect target for a break and enter (which I discuss here). The eight men–twice the number reported by witnesses–who attempted such a feat on 5 April 1700, however, seem to have had no idea the house they set aflame possessed so many wonders. Indeed, Sloane and his family were endangered by a group of men “who having consum’d their Substance with riotous Living” seem to have chosen their target at random.

The youngest of the perpetrators, John Hatchman, was only 15 years old and confessed to the crime, citing his inebriated state as the motive. John Titt, 24 years of age, had given Hatchman alcohol, was drunk the night of the offense, and confessed that he was an alcoholic.

Joseph Fisher, nearly 50, refused to admit that he participated in the acts. The fact he served in the Royal Navy, and was therefore prone to debauchery, was enough to secure a conviction. Conversely, Thomas Hixon expelled a “flood of Tea[r]s”, regretted his actions, and promised not to reoffend if he was released. This did nothing to mitigate his punishment.

The apparent ringleaders were more somber and dejected. John David (real name John Shirley), Phillip Wake, and James Walters understood what they had done in committing arson and attempting to burgle Sloane’s house. They regretted their crimes and, as Walters reportedly stated, undertook “the great Work of Repentance, and making… Peace with Almighty God”.

Regardless, the eight men were taken to Tyburn on 24 May 1700. After the men had been prepared for execution, all their resolve disappeared. Davis (Shirley) blamed Wake for the entire affair: “Fear and trembling, said he, have seiz’d upon me, and an horrible Dread hath overwhelm’d me.” The reporter of the events poetically recounts Wake’s acceptance of his death as a logical consequence of his failure “not [to] forsake his evil Courses”. James Walters added it was “bad Company [that] had such Influence on him” and led to a life of crime. The others are said to have cried, prayed, and begged for reprieve, but to no avail.

No matter their words of regret or confessions of guilt, “the Cart drew away, [and] they were turned off.” The tale, as recounted in the court publication, reeks of a morality tale and state attempts to dissuade readers from vice. The Devil may have whispered in their ears, but it seems more likely a mixture of poverty, poor prospects, alcohol, and peer pressure motivated the men’s actions. Sloane and his family were the victims of an arbitrary crime. The consequences were a best-case scenario as far as the Sloane family was concerned: the plot failed, the men ran away, they were quickly apprehended, and eighteenth century justice was meted out on the scaffold.

Letter 2238

Henry Barham Sr. to Hans Sloane – January 29, 1717/18


Item info

Date: January 29, 1717/18
Author: Henry Barham Sr.
Recipient: Hans Sloane

Library: British Library, London
Manuscript: Sloane MS 4045
Folio: ff. 89-91



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Transcription

[fol. 89] Worthy Sr Your kinde Acceptance of my last and Desires of my Next, Obliges me to Proceed. I Observed in the Introduction to your Natural History of Jamaica page 106 you mention a Strange Disease in a Black Woman rotting her Fingers and Toes and Worst at full Change of ye moon; and that if Virulency of the Humour was such as to eat and Corrode the Bones of the Fingers and Toes soo as to Drop off wch is Matter of Fact What I have Seen: and is Certainly the most miserable Distemper yet known in the whole World for it does not only eat up all the fingers and Toes but also the Feet and Hands and at last kills them. This Distemper the Negroes Call Wassa and is said to be Peculiar to them and soo let I ever Remain amongst them and not infecting ther Parts and People as the yaws hath and doth doo. The Negroes tell as that as soon as any in their Country have it: they are Excluded from ye Conversation of Humans and that by either shutting them up Close in a House or Sending them into a remote and Distant Place their to Perish by themselves being lookt upon as a Sore and Heavy Judgment Upon them being noo Cure for it The first I saw was a Negro Woman that had this Distemper only in her Toes with Running Ulcers and in some processes of time it Corroded and East off all her Toes and not Stopping there eat into her foot and after some years Her Legg Swelled as bigg as Her body and Dyed: I Observed that at Some times She would be seemingly very Well and Brisk her Toes Dryed Up for Some months and not Broke out at Change and full as you Observed in Mr Forwoods Negro: but all of a Sudden it would brake with that Violence that nothing Would stop it. The Poor Wretch had a Notice that eating of Fowles or Eggs would Occasion its breaking out and therefore for many years had Abstained from either but this must be a meer notion (although most Negroes are of this opinion) for it frequently Break out intil it killed Her notwithstanding the abstinance from Eggs and fowles. The Second that I saw that had this uncommon Miserable Distemper was a Negro Man, whose Fingers Toes and Part of His Feet and hands were eat off Many years aged, and now seem to be stopt He living to be very Old and a Sad Spectacle; He was alive last year and about sixty years Old and Seem to be Hearty and comes to the Negro Market in St Iago Dela Vego every Sunday: The 3d Person I saw had this unparroled Distemper was A White Man and Master of a very Good Plantation, how He got it I Never Could understand it appeard Upon His fingers ends at first: He Tried all manner of means for a Cure, but all failing it was concluded to be the Negroes Wassa, and soon it Proved eating Up all His fingers Joint by Joint and at last killed Him; but this by the Way wch makes it ye more Strainge is that although He was Married and Got Children whilst this Distemper was Upon Him Never heard Any of them was infected with it. I also Heard of a White Woman that Labourd under this incurable Distemper wch is Certainly the Worst of Distempers there is an uncommon Disease called the Lyrronam Itch wch appears first as Red and hard knobs or Protuberances on the Joints of the fingers with a Great Itching and Sometimes Ulcerateing and not easy to be Healed but Sometimes Will Dry of themselves but still Remain Red and Knotty. The Next Affrican Distemper you take Notice of if the yaws in a Negro Fellow in page 126 this is in all Respects is of a better Degree and quality than the Former because this may be Cured; wch the former Could not, as you Experienced, Neither by yt given inwardly or outwardly Applied with Sulphur Vivum, Unil: [?] Oxylapathum of the Dye of Sarfae Woofs etc: which are very Prevalent in this Distemper [The] first symptome is Violent Pains in all the Bones especially in the Arms and Leggs and whn it Brakes out they are easy or Fired from Pains This is soo common A Distemper in Affrica amongst the Negroes that Scarse any of them miss having it sooner or later in their life time in Manner as the Small Pox: and I am off the Opinion that this Distemper Called yaws was the Original of the Neapolitan or French Disease Moast ravly tainting the Seminal or Spermatick Vessels branching out into ye Groin and Obscene parts first and then infecting the Mouth and Throat with a filthy eating Crusty Scab; Infants oft brings it into the World with them indicating its Original Spermatick Taint, and although Mercurial Medicaments have Cheifly been made use of for its infernal Discharge and Such as tho the Filthy Pox Requires yet in the yaws I have seen it often fail and Negroes hath Cured it by specifick Plants when Skillfull Physitians Could make noo Cure of them; and although I am of your Opinion that it is [fol. 90] Generally Got by Copulation yet I have Seen Several Persons that was infects with it with out Copulation: I Know A Gentle Woman that had a Sore Thumb that Got it by handling and Playing with A Negro Pickanony that was Born full of it U have known some hath got it by Dressing of yawy Negroes and Severall that hath had Sores about them and Conversing with yawy Negroes hath been infected I know A White Child Born with it that Gave it the Nurs that only attended it: a Large Treatise might be writ Upon that Subject there is what they Call two sorts of it; the Large Scab; and the small one not much bigger then great Pins Heads and very thick: this is the Hardest to Drive out and the Worst to Cure and if either Sorts are not first Well Drew out; or the Least Pain Remaines, you may Depend Upon it let them seem Never Soo Well they Will Brake out again Sooner or later: I always used to Wait for its Third time comeing out; and then an easy salivation would Performe a Cure. Or a Good Diet with China and Sarsa[parilla]; and Cinnabar of Antimony; would effectually Cure it without Salivation: and what is most strainge is, that, any Person that once have had this Loathsom Leprous Disease; Never Getts it again, let them converse how they Will with Yawy Persons. You also Say that Some Sorts of this Distemper Seem to be the Elephantiasis or the True Leprosie. [Word scribbled over] Antions and Arabian Physicians Spakes off: wch I take rather to be that Distemper, wch I have Seen Several Negroes have in their Leggs and feet; wch would be swelled as bigg as their bodys Rough and sull of Wrinkles like an Elephants Hyde with Great Warts like Barnicles and noo Sore or Breaking out of all: wch Distemper I Never Heard was Cured But as for the yaws and Pox There is an Old Negro Woman belonging to Madam Vassel in St Elizabeth Parish wch Never fail of Curing them Altho Never Soo Rotten (as it is Said) and that She can Cure the Wassa and that with only a Decoction made of Specifick Plant for these Deplorable Distempers; wch She would by noo means Discover for many years Neither by money no Good Words; until of late wch is now mad euse off by most Planters to Cure their Negroes of these Dreadfull Distempers (wch they say Never fails) and is Called by the Name of the Negro Woman that first made use of it; whose Name is Ma and by some it is Called Mocary Bitter, which I suppose from being found Growing in the Bay of Mocary Near Withy Woods Some Small time before I Left the Island of Jamaica this Plant was Showen to me where I Observed some of it to Grow in a little wood on the Left hand of the Road that Leads from St Iago dela Vego to Passage Fort, it is a Small Tree with a lite Brown Bark like to Lance Wood (wch if I Mistake not, you Call it in your Catalogue) Laurus folio Breviore, flore racemoso minoro I Never Saw the Flower of the Majos Plant: The Leaves in all Respect and like our English Ash of the Common or, its fruit is as big as out English Black B. or Damazen, but of a Pear Trashon [?], first Green, then of a most Buetifull Scarlet and when Ripe of a Shineis [?] Black Colour: containing a Glutinous yellow Gum or Juicy Pulp (like the Berries that Pomol Spakes off that the New Balsam is made from) in wch Pulp is continued four large seeds Triangular, wch when Joined makes a and figure: the Pulp and seed is of a Sweetish Bitter Taste, they Grow in Clusters Upon one Stalk hanging Down like Grapes, but not soo Close together, containing 50 or 60 Berries Upon one Stalk; Soo much for this Wonderfull and Admired Plant. I take Notice in Page 126 you also take Notice of Another affrican Distemper occasioned by a Worm Breeding in the Muscular Flesh of Negroes Something like the Lumbricus Terrostris, wch is Generally Called the Gainoa Worm and very common to New Negroes (and Some Say ketching) it ought to be managed with greate Care for if it Breakes within the Skin, their follows a Daingero-us, and Sometimes an incurable Ulcer: Soo as Some have Lost a Legg and Sometimes the Negro its Self: This Worm is Small and White in bigness of a Small Wyer [?] and Lyes in the Muscles quilted round in Manner of a quile of Rope (as I have Obser=ved when I have Opened the Part expected:) The Way the Negroes Got them out is to Poultise the Part with Cassador Bread and Hogg Fat until it Brakes and can Let the Worm, wch they take Hold of and Get one [fol. 91] Turne Upone the Quil of a Small fether and Still apply the Poultise and every day Draw a little at a time very Greatly, for fear of breaking it[.] Some Negroes Whissels all the time they Draw it out pretending they Get it out by that, wch is mear Deceate like the Oba or Doctor Negroes, make them believe when they are sick they Got out by Conjuration; Hair, Nails, Tooth, Pins, and Such like Trumpery out of their sides of the body; and they Fancy themselves well Upon it: But the Most Suerest and Safest Way of Curing them, hath been lately found out: by useing the Oil of what they Vulgarly and falsely Call Agnus Castus; wch is one of the Great Ricniuss, like our English Palma Christi; if the part be very Hard they take a little fine Cassador flower and mix with this Oil and make a Poultise applying it to the Part until it is Soft and Break; after which they Anoint or Embrocate ye part with the Oil very Well every Day Applying over it one of the Leaves of ye Plant over it, which either Draws it out or consumes the Worm; and Heals the Part: This is What account I can give you at Pressent; of these Strange and uncommon Distempers; concludeing with all Due Respects, your most Humble, and Obedient Servant, to Command at all times Henry Barham Great Carter Lane London Jan: 29th. D: 1717/18




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Letter 2778

Charles Goodall to Hans Sloane – January 9, 1700


Item info

Date: January 9, 1700
Author: Charles Goodall
Recipient: Hans Sloane

Library: British Library, London
Manuscript: Sloane MS 4037
Folio: ff. 366-367



Original Page



Transcription

Goodall asks Sloane to come to his residence to talk about his health and other matters. He asks for the names of authors who wrote about ‘de morbis spirituu’. Charles Goodall was a physician, academic, and member of the Royal College of Physicians, working for the latter on occasion (Harold J. Cook, Goodall, Charles (c.16421712), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/10949, accessed 18 June 2013]).




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Letter 0620

Arthur Charlett to Hans Sloane – July 11, 1700


Item info

Date: July 11, 1700
Author: Arthur Charlett
Recipient: Hans Sloane

Library: British Library, London
Manuscript: Sloane MS 4038
Folio: f. 32



Original Page



Transcription

Charlett tells Sloane that his commission has been executed. The bearer, Mr Dennison, will tell Sloane about it. Dr Vadis had hoped to send Sloane a catalogue of prices, but this has been prevented by his brother’s recent death in Barbados. Charlett heard that Sloane has begun correcting Mr Wanley’s project. An unspecified ‘old Gentleman’ took a coach this morning despite everyone’s wishes. Dr Gregory is now teaching mathematics at the university in the ‘foreign manner’. Charlett was elected Master of University College at Oxford in 1692 and held that post until his death in 1722. Charlett used the mastership to gain influence, especially through persistent letter-writing to numerous correspondents, sharing the latest literary, political, and scholarly gossip (R. H. Darwall-Smith, Charlett, Arthur (16551722), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5158, accessed 18 June 2013]).




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Letter 3689

John Thomas Woolhouse to Hans Sloane – November 21, 1729


Item info

Date: November 21, 1729
Author: John Thomas Woolhouse
Recipient: Hans Sloane

Library: British Library, London
Manuscript: Sloane MS 4050
Folio: ff. 236-237



Original Page



Transcription

[fol. 236] Monsieur Apres bien des informations auprés de Monsieur l’Abbé Bignon & le secretaire de la Bibliotheque et les Gardes des livres de la meme Bibliotheque du Roy aussi bien que de Monsieur Geoffroy, j’ay decouvert que c’est Monsieur Goodman Libraire de Londres qui auroit pu vous donner les deux parties dont vous souhaités d’etre informé qui ont eté imprimées cette année selon l’ordre que vous verrés dans l’Imprimé que j’ay l’honneur de vous envoyer par Ma Dame le Comtesse de Sandwich le Sieur Perrot de Geneve que je connois depuis long temps et qui ma apporté le susdit Imprimé vous offre ses tres humbles services pour vous Monsieur et vos Amis qui voudront bien luy donner Commission de retenir des souscriptions et pour autres sujets qui concernent la Librairie, Si vous me les faites adresser je les lui ferai tenit A l’égard des Transactions Philosophiques ou Memoires de la Societé Royale de Londres avec l’histoire de cette Academie, vous n’ignorés pas Monsieur que c’est le Reverend Pere Castel du College de Louis le Grand fameuse Mathematicien qui est l’Auteur Directeur et Traducteur de ce grand ouvrage. Il a eu l’honneur de vous envoyer son Traité de Mathematiques & j’ay envoyé a Mons’r Machin un autre Exemplaire de ce Traité a mes despens par Monsieur Lotman mais il ne m’en a pas encor accusé la reception depuis huit mois que l’envoy en a eté fait Cette savante societé des Jesuites se flatte que le discernement et la Justice de notre Societé Royales ne fera aucune difficulté de choisir un de leur Corps pour Membre Etranger de la Societé Royale apres une entreprise si necessaire si utile et si glorieuse pour la Societé Royale de Londres que ce Reverend Pere Castel a projetté depuis lon temps ayant appris la langue Angloise seulement pour se rendre Capable de cette entreprise. Monsieur J’ay amassé toutes les plus belles theses de l’Université de Montpelier &c. au nombre de 35 toutes concernantes la Medecine [fol. 237] J’espere que Mons’r Zolman vous les aura deja fait tenir je vous suis bien obligé Monsieur de l’honneur et de la protection que vous avés accordé a Beaumont qui a eté obligé de retourner ici avec precipitation a cause de la maladie dangereuse de la Dame son Epouse qui est grosse de son premier Enfant, mais pendant le peu de jours qu’il a resté a Londres il a decouvert beaucoup de fourberies et subornations de temoins avec parjure en ma partie adverses qui de concert de mon procureur ont complotté une conjuration contre mes interests et ont prolongé mes deux procés cette année Je vous supplie Monsieur de me continuer vos bontés mon aage [sic] et infirmité m’ont fait quitter la Bibliotheque du Roy pour soigner ma pratique avec plat de loisir et de repos. J’ay l’honneur d’etre tres parfaitement. Monsieur Votre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur J:Th: de Woolhouse F:R:S:&c a Paris 21 9bre 1729

John Thomas Woolhouse was an English oculist and physician. He practiced physic in London, served James II for a time, and in 1711 secured a position at Paris’s Hospice des Quinze-Vingts. He served as the King of France’s oculist, was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1721, and a member of both the Berlin Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Sciences of Bologna. Woolhouse was criticized for charlatanry by some contemporaries (Anita McConnell, Woolhouse, John Thomas (16661734), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/29954, accessed 17 July 2013]).




Patient Details

Jacobus Theodorus Klein

Jacobus Theodorus Klein (b. 15 August 1685 d. 27 February 1759) was a German botanist, historian, jurist, mathematician, zoologist, paleontologist and diplomat in service of August II of Poland. In 1718 he set up a botanical garden and built up his natural history collection including fossils.

 

Reference:

Armin Geus, ‘Klein, Jacob Theodor’ (1977), <https://www.deutschebiographie.de/sfz41363.html#ndbcontent_zitierweise>. German biography, <https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/home>, [accessed 12 March 2019].



Dates: to

Occupation: Unknown

Relationship to Sloane: Virtual International Authority File:

Letter 0401

Godfrey Copley to Hans Sloane – February 6, 1694


Item info

Date: February 6, 1694
Author: Godfrey Copley
Recipient: Hans Sloane

Library: British Library, London
Manuscript: Sloane MS 4036
Folio: ff. 205-206



Original Page



Transcription

Copley asks Sloane to procure bottles of German spa water to help with his wife’s stomach ailment. He thanks Sloane for his last letter and expects he will receive the books ‘on Satturyday next, for ye Acct of Parlmt I desire’. Sir Godfrey Copley was a politician and active member of the Royal Society. He was elected a Fellow of the latter in 1691 (C. I. McGrath, Copley, Sir Godfrey, second baronet (c.16531709), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/6269, accessed 24 June 2013]).




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