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William Coward (b. 1656/7, d. in or before 1725) born in Winchester, Hampshire and moved to Oxford in 1674 where he became a commoner of Hart Hall before admitted to Wadan College as a scholar in 1675. He received his BA in 1677, MA in 1683, BM in 1685 and DM in 1687 then moved to Northampton to practice as a physician. In 1693/4 he moved to London and after publishing an honourable medical work he published a controversial work ‘Second Thoughts concerning the Human Soul’ in 1702 under the pseudonym Estibius Psychalethes. He continued to publish on this dangerous subject in response to criticism. His works were brought before the court in 1704 where they were deemed heretical and ordered to be burnt. Despite this, Coward continued to write on the topic and sought the assistance of Sir Hans Sloane for ‘Ophthalmiatria’

Reference;

Dario Pfanner, Coward, William (b. 1656/7, d. in or before 1725), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/6488, accessed 18 July 2013].

Stanley was the 9th Earl of Derby, though he was without an official appointment after William of Orange’s Glorious Revolution (1688)

Peter Lely, Portrait of William Stanley, 9th Earl of Derby. Credit: http://thepeerage.com/p1389.htm#c13890.2

Reference:

John H. Rains, III, Stanley, William George Richard, ninth earl of Derby (16551702), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/40803, accessed 21 June 2013].

Charles du Bois was a botanist working as the cashier-general of the East India Company. He became acquainted with other natural historians like James Petiver, William Sherard and Sloane, and was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1700

Reference:

B. D. Jackson, Dubois, Charles (bap. 1658, d. 1740), rev. P. E. Kell, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8113, accessed 8 July 2013].

Locke was a philosopher, physician, and highly influential proponent of liberalism in England.

Sir Godfrey Kneller, Portrait of John Locke, 1704. Credit: National Portrait Gallery, Wikimedia Commons

Reference:

J. R. Milton, Locke, John (16321704), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2008 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/16885, accessed 24 June 2013].

William Reading was appointed librarian of Sion College, London, in 1708 with the support of Bishop Compton and oversaw the expansion of its collection. He held lectureships at various London churches. Reading reorganised the collection, wrote a celebrated catalogue of its holdings (1724), and published works of ecclesiastical history as well as his own sermons.

Reference:

R. Julian Roberts, ‘Reading, William (1674-1744)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, (Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/23237 [accessed 29 July 2013]).

James Salter was the owner of Salter’s Coffee House and at one time was a servant of Sir Hans Sloane. He accompanied the latter on his travels. His establishment was more commonly known as Don Saltero’s Coffee House and it was famous for its museum of curiosities from around the world.

Reference:

W. W. Wroth, ‘Salter, James (d. c.1728)’, rev. P. E. Kell, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, (Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2007 http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/24569 [accessed 19 July 2013]).